01 Getting introduced to biology and its scope

Steps in biology to conclude a statement:¶

Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment. (convert this into mermaid flowchart) If the experiment does not support hypothesis then make a new one. If it supports hypothesis, make new predictions.

Mnemonic for remembering: [OQHPE]¶

1. **O**bservation
2. **Q**uestion
3. **H**ypothesis
4. **P**rediction
5. **E**xperiment

Major life charecteristics¶

Order, Regulation, Growth and Development, Energy Processing, Response to Environment, Reproduction, Evolution.

Mnemonic for remembering: [ORGERRE]¶

1. **O**rder
2. **R**egulation
3. **G**rowth and Development
4. **E**volution
5. **R**esponse to Environment
6. **R**eproduction
7. **E**volution

Major themes in biology¶

Energy Processsing, Structure and Function, Information Flow, Evolution, Interconnection to other systems. (Pnemonic : ESIEI)

Mnemonic for remembering: [ESIEI]¶

1. **E**nergy Processing
2. **S**tructure and Function
3. **I**nformation Flow
4. **E**volution
5. **I**nterconnection to other systems.

graph LR;
    A[Molecules and Atoms] --> B[Organelles, Cells];
    B --> C[Tissues, Organs];
    C --> D[Organ System];
    D --> E[Organisms];
    E --> F[Population];
    F --> G[Communities];
    G --> H[Ecosystem];
    H --> I[Biosphere];

Eubacteria:¶

• Small, Prokaryotic, Single celled organisms ranging from 1 - 10um.
• Lack nucleus and cell membrane bound organelles.
• Cell wall contains a complex organic molecule called peptidoglycan.

Archea:¶

• Prokaryotic
• Cell membrane has Isoprenes.
• Extremophiles
• Has large proportions of genes that are diff from eubacteria.

Protists : Microscopic Organisims like Amoeba and Seaweed.

Kingdoms are distinguished as: - Plantae : Produce their own food. - Animalia : Obtain food by ingesting and digesting. - Fungi : Decomposers, obtain food by decomposing dead and decaying organic matter.

Prokaryotes have: - Pilli : Short projections for attachment to surfaces. - Flagella : Long projections to propel them through their liquid environment. - Capsules : Makes the bacteria's surface more slippery, helping it to escape engulfment by phagocytic cells.

Only Animal cells have Lysomes and Plant Cells have Chloroplasts.

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