09 Hardware
Hardware¶
- ALU is a combinational circuit
- clock is for the frequency
- Address lines are uni
Pin Diagram¶
Names
- DIP (Dual Inline Package)
- QFP (Quad Flag Pack)
Multiplexer¶
Intel used multiplexer
- minimizes the area required for the chip
- reduces performance
Modes¶
| Minimum | Maximum | |
|---|---|---|
| MN/MX’ | MN/MX’ | |
| Logic | 1 | 0 |
| Size | Smaller | Larger |
| Processors | Single | Multiple |
| Cost | Cheaper | Expensive |
| 8087 (co-Processor) |
MAC operations¶
Multiplied and Accumulated
\(AX+B\)
Cycle¶
- Clock = T state
- Machine - memory access
- Instruction - instruction access + decoding + …
Setup Time¶
the time before the clock high, during which the data must be setup, to avoid data corruption
Hold Time¶
the time after the clock high, during which the data must be held, to avoid data corruption