Introduction¶
Culture¶
- What should be adapted
- What should be preserved
IDK¶
Swadeshi movement
Under-development Causes¶
- Lack of leadership
- Political instability
- Corruption
- Law of civic culture
- Cultural resistance
- Misues of foreign assistant
- Over-dependence on agriculture
- Lowe per capita incme
- Low literacy, Low skill, Lack of basic services
- Lack of natural resources
Reasons for Japan’s Success¶
- Adapt to geographical situation despite natural disasters
- Highly-literate population
- Civic culture
- Early development of transport & banking systems
- Niche technology development
- Strong cooperation between govt & businesses
Indicators of Development¶
- Economic development: GDP, GNP, PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)
- Occupational structure
- Energy consumption
- Transportation & communication
- Consumption of manufactured metal per peron
- Literacy rate
- % of income spent on consumption of food
- Nutritional intake: Caloric, Proteins
- Per capita savings
- Infrastructure: Roads, Railways
- GNH
These are not causes of development
GNH - Gross National Happiness¶
- Sustainable & equitable socio-economic development
- Environmental conservation
- Preservation of identity & culture
- Good governance
Case study of Bhutan